Treatment Of Credit Risk Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1597 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Receivables are to be treated as NPAs if the same remain overdue for a period of 180 days or more. While this is in accordance with existing RBI norms for classification of debts as NPAs, section 3(vi) of the Guidelines also states that the board of directors of a Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company may, on default by the borrower, classify an asset as a non-performing asset even earlier that the said 180 days for the purposes of facilitating enforcement as provided for in section 13 of the Act. As per section 13, where any borrower makes a default in repayment of a secured debt and his account is classified as an NPA, the secured creditor (or as the case may be the Securitization Company) becomes entitled to exercise the recovery rights under the Act, after providing for a 60 day notice to the borrower. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Treatment Of Credit Risk Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The Guidelines therefore permit a Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company to classify a debt as an NPA and proceed to give the aforesaid 60 day notice under the Act immediately upon default by the borrower, without having to wait for the aforesaid 180 day period. Registration under the Act The Guidelines clarify that a Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company that has obtained a certificate of registration issued by the RBI under the Act can undertake both Securitization and Reconstruction activities. The Guidelines also clarify that an entity that is not registered with the RBI may conduct the business of Securitization or Asset Reconstruction outside the purview of the Act. This is a significant clarification as the Act is silent in this regard. In view of this clarification, banks and financial institutions that were engaged in securitization activities prior to the Act can continue the same without having to obtain a certificate of registration under the Act. The benefits of the enhanced enforcement rights under the Act however, will not be available to them. Restrictions on raising monies from the public The guidelines prohibit a Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company from raising monies by way of deposit. A Securitization Company is permitted to raise funds from qualified institutional buyers (as defined in the Act) by issuing security receipts to them. It has been clarified that the security receipts would be transferable/assignable only in favour of other qualified institutional buyers. Issue of security receipts The Guidelines state that security receipts are to be issued thorough one or more trusts set up exclusively for the purpose. The trusteeship of such trusts is required to vest with the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company. The Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company is required to transfer the financial assets to the said trust at the price at which those were acquired. It is important to note that this transfer of assets will double the incidence of stamp duty, as stamp duty will have to be paid in respect of the transfer of the financial asset from the originator to the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company, and also for the transfer of the financial asset from the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company to the trust. Policies and plans required to be framed The Guidelines require that a Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company shall formulate policies for asset acquisition, including valuation procedure, rescheduling of debts of borrowers (to be supported by an acceptable business plans, projected earnings and cash flows of the borrower), settlement of debts due from borrower, and plans for realization of assets. Change or take over of management/sale or lease of the business of the borrower The Act allows lenders and securitization companies to change or take over the management of the borrower and sell or lease the business of the borrower for the purpose of recovery of loans. However, the Guidelines state that no Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company shall take any measures for change or take over of management/sale or lease of the business of the borrower until the RBI issues necessary guidelines in this behalf. Enforcement of Security Interest While taking recourse to the sale of secured assets, it has been clarified that a Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company may itself acquire the secured assets only if the sale is concluded through a public auction. Deployment of funds The Guidelines impose restrictions upon the permissible modes of deployment of funds by Securitization (or Reconstruction) Companies. A Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company is permitted to invest in the equity share capital of another Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company, as a sponsor and for the purpose of establishing a joint venture. A Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company is allowed to deploy any available surplus in government securities and deposits with scheduled commercial banks in accordance with a policy framed in this regard by its board of directors. No Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company is allowed to invest its owned funds in land and building. However, this restriction would not apply to funds borrowed as also to owned funds in excess of the minimum prescribed. Other requirements The Guidelines also provide for provisioning requirements, income recognition norms, disclosures required to be made in balance sheets, etc. Guidelines to banks/FIs on sale of Financial Assets to Securitization Company (SC)/ Reconstruction Company (RC) (created under the Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002) and related issues (Sale Guidelines) These guidelines are applicable to the sale of financial assets by banks and Financial Institutions (FIs) for asset reconstruction and securitization under the Act. Financial assets which can be sold As per the Sale Guidelines, the following classes of assets can be sold by banks/FIs to Securitization (or Reconstruction) Companies : An NPA; A standard asset (i.e., an asset that is not an NPA) where : the asset is under consortium /multiple banking arrangements, at least 75% by value of the asset is classified as NPA in the books of other bank/FIs, and at lease 75% by value of the banks/FIs who are under the consortium/multiple banking arrangement agree to the sale of the asset to the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company. Procedure for sale The sale of financial assets from a bank/FI may be on a without recourse basis, i.e., with the entire credit risk associated with the financial asset being transferred to the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company, as well as on a with recourse basis, i.e., subject to the unrealized part of the asset reverting to the seller bank/FI. Banks/FIs are however, required to ensure that the effect of the sale of the financial assets should be such that the asset is taken off the books of the bank/FI and after the sale there should not be any known liability devolving on the bank/FI. It has also been clarified that under no circumstances can a transfer to the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company be made at a contingent price whereby in the event of shortfall in the realization by the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company, the banks/FIs would have to bear a part of the shortfall. Further, in the case of specific financial assets, where it is considered necessary, bank s/FIs may enter into agreements with the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company to share, in agreed proportion, any surplus realized by the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company on the eventual realization of the concerned asset. In the case of financial assets that cannot be revived, the Sale Guidelines recognize that a Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company may not take over these assets but act as an agent for recovery for which it will charge a fee. In such a case, the assets will not be removed from the books of the bank/FI but realizations as and when received will be credited to the asset account. Securities offered by the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company to the banks/FIs The securities offered by the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company to the banks/FIs are required to satisfy the following conditions: The securities must not have a term in excess of six years. The securities must carry a rate of interest which is not lower than 1.5% above the Bank Rate in force at the time of issue. The securities must be secured by an appropriate charge on the assets transferred. The securities must provide for part or full prepayment in the event that the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company sells the asset securing the security before the maturity date of the security. The commitment of the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company to redeem the securities must be unconditional and not linked to the realisation of the assets. Wherever the security is transferred to any other party, notice of transfer should be issued to the Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company. Other provisions The Sale Guidelines also provide various prudential norms for the sale transaction, including provisioning/valuation norms, capital adequacy and exposure norms and disclosure requirements. The Sale Guidelines also provide that in the event of consortium/multiple banking arrangements, if 75% (by value) of the banks/FIs accept the offer for purchase of financial assets from a Securitization (or Reconstruction) Company, than the remaining banks/FIs will be obligated to accept the offer. Conclusion The new RBI guidelines seek to provide healthy and uniform directions for regulating securitization activities. While these guidelines and the enhanced enforcement rights provided to Securitization Companies under the Act will provide an impetus to securitization in India, many legal impediments remain. Prominent among these legal impediments are the excessive stamp duty rates applicable to securitization transactions in several states. Also, a number of cases including the Mardia Chemicals case, are currently pending at the Supreme Court, where the constitutionality of the Act has been challenged. These cases remain pending till date with no indications as to the possible outcome of the challenge. ************

Kennedy Brennan. March 1, 2017. France. Media Ownership.

Kennedy Brennan March 1, 2017 France Media Ownership Media is not just television and radio. The French media ownership is distributed over four different forms of media. The media is consisted radio, internet, television, and newspaper. The French people are more old fashion. They rely mostly on radio and newspaper. They spend very little time in front of a television set or in front of a computer screen. The rest of the world spends so much more time in front of computer screens and televisions sets compared to the French citizens. The media in France is not like the media in the United States, the French have a greater sense of freedom in their media. Newspaper is the most popular forms of media in France. France has 86 daily†¦show more content†¦France as a very high number of Facebook users. That makes it the most popular social media in France. They have the third highest in the world. Skyrock is the second most popular social media in France. It is a blogging website. The headquarters for Skyrock is actu ally located in France. (TranslateMedia) The second most popular form of media in France is radio. In France radio is consumed for an average of 3 hours and 11 minutes a day. They have 55,300,000 radios in the country. Which is 92.9% of the country’s population. They only have a total of 14 radio stations though. One of the stations is divided up into 7 different stations. (France Basic Data) Along with internet, television is on the low end of the spectrum too. Not many people in France watch television. In France television is consumed for an average of 3 hours and 13 minutes a day. They only have 2,662,280 cable subscribers. Which is only about 4.5% of the country’s population. Although they do have satellite television also. They have 4,300,000 satellite subscribers. Which is only about 7.2% of the country’s population. With cable and satellite subscriptions combined that is only 11.7% of the country’s population having some form of television subscri ption. In fact most of the country does not even own a television. The television programing is done by multiple groups. Most of the television programing is done by the public. There

A Clockwork Orange Essay Thesis Example For Students

A Clockwork Orange Essay Thesis Wilson was an English novelist and critic. He was born in a small house inHarpurhey and was the son of a bookkeeper and part-time pianist. He was foundlying in his cot when he was a baby with his mother and sister dead beside him. They were said to have been victims of the Spanish Flu. Anthony attended theBishop Bilsborrow- Primary School, Moss Side, Xavier College and lastlyManchester University. He then spent six years as a wartime soldier and after hewent into education, he became an education officer in Malaya and Brunei. In1959 he was diagnosed with a terminal illness, so he became a professionalwriter, hoping to provide for his wife. The diagnoses turned out to be wrong;however, he decided to stick with it and he wrote over thirty novels. AnthonyBurgess was a very well-rounded artist. He drew, wrote novels, was a musicianand produced a lot of works. At the age of twelve, his drawings were beingaccepted by national newspapers and at fourteen, he taught himself to play thepiano and compose music. He wrote two symphonies, concertos, songs, sonatas andincidental music for plays. In his very first year he wrote five novels, acouple of plays and several radio scripts and stories. He had all sorts ofdifferent topics, themes and styles. Of all his writings, the most well-knownwas and still is A Clockwork Orange. It is also his most controversial work. AClockwork Orange was his eighth novel and was published in 1962. Although thiswas among his best works, he had his own thoughts on it. In an interview done in1981 in Modern Fiction Studies Burgess was quoted, Im notparticularly proud of A Clockwork Orange because it has all the thoughts I railagainst in fiction. Its didactic. It tends to pornography. John AnthonyBurgess Wilson died in 1993 and will always be remembered by the remains of someof his classic works.

Identifying and Preventing Complacency †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Identifying and Preventing Complacency. Answer: Introduction: Randstad opened a new branch in Singapore market in October 2012. The primary issue was to become a more competitive player in the Singapore market. The market value in Singapore was 2.65 billion dollars spent on the recruitment service, while the country has almost 3.3 million people so the spent is huge (YouTube 2016). At that time there were 2800 companies in Singapore so one agency for every 20 people were already present. Differentiation is the key strategy for most organization. As a global company Randstad had to be one of the top three companies in the market. However the company was at the eighth position for their market performance at that time. The company had to grow more than 8 % as the market was growing by 8%, so the company had to perform more than 8% in order to stay ahead in the competitive market. At that time Ranstad was growing by 5% so they were losing their market share to their competitor companies. Randstad is one of the Fortune 500 companies, so it was expe cted that they would grow double or at least 50% above the average market rate (Fortune.com 2016). At that time Singapores market was growing really fast compared to the global scale, so the company had great opportunity to enhance their organizational performance. The company was also struggling to move from 8th position to 3rd position and moving the people together working to improve brand image, market positioning, increasing quality activities on a daily basis to turn the employees more productive and lead the company believe in the change was challenging for the company. The Randstad company management was suffering from complacency issues from 2010 to 2012. The growth was not improving for that period. The company was satisfied with the result and did not explore the outside market opportunity and did not develop internal infrastructure to utilize such outside market opportunities (Drucker 2017). The company did not do extensive market analysis of its competitors before starting the business venture in the highly competitive market of Singapore. Therefore the company failed to understand the growth rate of its competitors. The competitive companies structure and achievement were also unanalyzed by the company. The company fails to explore their best organizational part which they can use in the business strategies to outperform them. This led the company to perform alright for a long period but not achieve the high performance which was desired. The organization was not growing as fast as expected but it was growing and every organizational activity appeared orderly from surface but the leaders were expected to analyze every activities or employee performance minutely (Southwick et al. 2017). The leadership failed to get the granular details about how the company was operating from a client, candidate or consultant perspective. Lack of Collective aspiration and Clear strategy Individual drive and collective aspiration were missing in the organizational performance (Katzenbach and Douglas 2015). The employees were unsure where they would see themselves in a year or where the company is actually headed. The organization was purely focused on generalized recruitment. The generalized recruitment was based on individuals who would be doing everything from finding out forklift drivers to find sales professionals and to CEO that made the job complicated (Youtube.com 2016). As the country had low unemployment rate, the company had to work hard in order to find good and skilled people. The shift from to Singapore market was also large for Randstad as the Singapore government is trying to push the country towards higher qualified jobs, so the environment was shrinking for such companies. Alternatives Alternatives Merits Drawbacks Measure customer satisfaction and employee job satisfaction Employees serve the clients directly so their satisfaction will ensure better performance. Wrong measurement my lead to a wrong direction. Continue re-innovating - service and strategies Randstad follows the same traditional practice of their home country in the host country as well, the re innovation of certain strategies will help them to surpass their competitors. Proper market analysis and research on the competitors needed before implementing innovative strategies. Admitting the issues and offer compensations. Implementing a formal process for learning from those mistakes. The wise thing for Randstad would be moving on and offering compensation in the forms of rewarding the employees and offering discounts to the customers. Admitting the flaws might affect the Randstads reputation. More money needs to be invested for the rewards. Leadership needs to be more attentive to the details. The leadership will challenge the status quo of the company. As his lack of attention to detail has already affected executive presence it will help him to meet the growing demand of complacency (Llopis 2014 ). This might create tension between the management and the employees. Complacency handling As an organization of twenty first century Randstad is focused on profit sustainability and longevity. The company is working in an environment that is focused on global expansion, process innovation and increasing market pressure. The company is seeking to step ahead from their competitors in the foreign market. Compliancy has always been an issue for large industries, like in the financial companys crisis (Harraf, Soltwisch and Talbott 2016). Complacency can be found in four areas of people, culture, structure and process. The complacency of top managers can lead the company into risky investments. The organizational complacency can affect the organizational performance in various ways. The complacency of processes leads to environmental scanning that is not sufficient. The company fails to react to the external changes. The overconfidence results in lack of effective decision making process, even when it is needed (Tsai et al. 2017). The complacency of the management people encour ages little liability among them. It has also been observed that the complacency is used as the justification for retaining the leadership that is not effective enough. The complacency in the structure makes it cumbersome and the resources get wasted. The complacency leads to an organizational culture that does not encourage challenging procedures, processes in order to achieve high standards. Critical analysis at regular interval is necessary to minimize the complacency otherwise organizational failure can occur (Clancy, Hanover and Masini 2013). The business world has experienced how the complacent characteristics had led to organizational failure for such companies like Kodak, Blackberry, Circuit City, Borders and Block buster (Linkner 2012). In a recent survey, maximum numbers of the respondent who are company executives believe that their companies are not engaged in a strategy that has winning quality (Harraf, Soltwisch and Talbott 2016). There are long gap between the expectation and execution. The company needs to combine strategy with execution in everyday practice. Most company establishes a mission and vision statement that is simple yet deep. The aim that the company aspires for must be communicated through the message and is delivered to employees effectively (Gordon 2017). The management of successful companies should be engaged with market reality. For a company like Randstad the management leadership needs to be exposed to the foreign market. An effective leader assesses the organizational activities at regular interval along with the self assessment. This helps him to identify the flaws in the organizational performance and the needs. The leadership is engaged in effective communication in every level of the organization (Hackman, Michael and Johnson 2013). The leaders have to get involved in everyday activities so that the okay standard of the surface level gets addressed and the better options are searched for. Decision criteria Ranstad has to apply decision criteria before reaching any decision. Decision criteria can be defined as the characteristics or variables that are significant part of organizational decision making process (Yu 2013). And the final decision making is the selection of the most appropriate variable suitable for the organization. Decision Criteria Weight Evidence Implementing innovative strategies 25% Randstad is suffering from various management and performance related issues. Setting up core values and effectively spreading the objectives among the employees. New effective strategies can eliminate the complacency issues successfully. Customer satisfaction 25% The company is initiating in the Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) that helps the company to include local communities and support from Singapore market (Ir.Randstad.Com 2015). Employee satisfaction 15% The company has been engaging in enhancing the labor market relationships, participating in social dialogs with employees. Ethics 25% The company has been practicing ethically since its inception however the management must be careful that the ethical conducts must meet the host countrys rules and regulations. Leadership 10% The leadership of Randstad is incorporating ambitious strategies, great execution, and agility and combining the ability to think global and act local. Identification The problem has been identified as the difference between the existing and desired state of the organization (Velasquez, Mark and Hester 2013). The problem in the case of Randstad is the complacency or the overconfidence of the management even when trying to establish a new branch in Singapore. The company has been working in a comfortable environment and failing to establish a successful business and complacency has been identified as a major problem. The leadership then frames the problem definitely so that the decision can be made accordingly. The direct and indirect competitors are Ranstad not only has to consider the direct competitors but also the competitors who are working from outside of Singapore. Randstad has to identify whether the changes initiated by its competitors are strategic or tactile. The company has to identify if the competitors are often engaging in big changes or mainly staying in their current state. How the target market, cost structure, market share have a ffected the company after implementing the strategies must be identified by the company as well. Few factors are important to identify the decision criteria like facilities, opportunity to progress that are suitable. The annual report by Randstad in 2015 the company has discussed various strategies that the company is implementing for enhancing the performance. The company has set their core values as knowing, serving, trusting, striving for perfection and promoting all interests. Therefore it can be noticed that the company has been giving much importance to knowing the other culture and its competitors. The message of Good to know you is highly effective for spreading the message of collaboration. The company has been engaging in enhancing the labor market relationships, participating in social dialogs with employees. The company is initiating in the Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) that helps the company to include local communities and support from Singapore market (Ir.Randstad.Com 2015). The past experience has taught Randstad management about the static performance so the management is implementing newer technologies to their service to enhance the performance. The leadership of Randstad is incorporating ambitious strategies, great execution, and agility and combining the ability to think global and act local. Randstad has to address the issues related to its complacency and look for resources that are already available for resolving the issue. Randstad did not conduct a market survey before the business venture that result in negative impact. Therefore before the development f solutions the company has to analyze the competitors strategies into their strategies. The leader plays a significant role in the process where the leader of the company through his analysis, judgment and experience makes the final decision. The Randstad top management failed to analyze the problems regarding their growth in the initial phase of the business venture. Randstad should run the survey and analysis and the scientific data should be incorporated in the selection of the alternatives. Recommendation The organizational complacency is often driven by the inherent human desire for stability and they do not welcome risks. In order to avoid complacency and maintain growth the management needs to establish a business process management culture that is aligned to employee efforts (Ir.Randstad.Com 2015). In the process of overcoming organizational complacency the company needs to promote fearless functionality and challenging processes. Randstad management should address that the company is suffering from the complacency issues. The company is Australia based and the new business will be in Singapore. As we have discussed several big company failed in developing a sustainable organizational performance because they failed to maintain their complacency issues. Randstad did the similar mistakes in their initial phase of the business activity in Singapore. The elimination of the self satisfied attitude can prove to be most effective for the company to increase their competitiveness. Randst ad could use various media for advertising to attract skilled candidates but that should be rejected as in the country the unemployment rate is low. Therefore even if the company is global and possesses huge reputations outside the regional market it is not effective in this case. Instead the company should focus implementing changes internally to deal with such issues. The complacency issues can be changed by active participation by the management leadership and effective strategies. The implementation of innovative strategies can prove to be most effective in the case of Randstad. Reference "Fortune Global 500 List 2017: See Who Made It". 2016.Fortune. https://fortune.com/global500/ "Tech And Touch Annual Report 2015". 2015.Ir.Randstad.Com. https://www.ir.randstad.com/~/media/Files/R/Randstad-IR/annual-reports/annual_report_randstad_2015.pdf "Video Business Case - Michael Smith; Managing Director; Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia; Randstad". 2016.Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7kffnb5FhUfeature=youtu.be. Clancy, K., Hanover, A. and Masini, A., 2013. Complacency not an option.Financial Executive,29(3), pp.24-28. Drucker, Peter F.The Theory of the Business (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Press, 2017. Gordon, Gus. "Communication, Vision, and Mission." InLeadership through Trust, pp. 63-69. Springer International Publishing, 2017. Hackman, Michael Z., and Craig E. Johnson.Leadership: A communication perspective. Waveland Press, 2013. Harraf, Abe, Brandon William Soltwisch, and Kaitlyn Talbott. "Antecedents of Organizational Complacency: Identifying and Preventing Complacency in the Work Environment."Managing Global Transitions14, no. 4 (2016): 385. Katzenbach, Jon R., and Douglas K. Smith.The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. Harvard Business Review Press, 2015. Linkner, Josh. 2012. "Forbes Welcome".Forbes.Com. https://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshlinkner/2012/11/16/palm-kodak-blockbuster-sears-rim-borders-circuit-city-compaq-and-the-only-thing-you-can-do-to-avoid-being-next/refURL=https://www.google.co.in/referrer=https://www.google.co.in/. Llopis, Glenn. 2014. "Forbes Welcome".Forbes.Com. https://www.forbes.com/sites/glennllopis/2014/08/05/the-dangers-of-complacent-leadership/#56e470fb3de5. Southwick, Frederick S., Brenda L. Martini, Dennis S. Charney, and Steven M. Southwick. "Leadership and Resilience." InLeadership Today, pp. 315-333. Springer International Publishing, 2017. Taggart, Caroline.Misadventures in the English Language. Michael O'Mara Books, 2016. Tsai, F.S., Lin, C.H., Lin, J.L., Lu, I.P. and Nugroho, A., 2017. Generational diversity, overconfidence and decision-making in family business: A knowledge heterogeneity perspective.Asia Pacific Management Review. Velasquez, Mark, and Patrick T. Hester. "An analysis of multi-criteria decision making methods."International Journal of Operations Research10, no. 2 (2013): 56-66. Yu, Po-Lung.Multiple-criteria decision making: concepts, techniques, and extensions. Vol. 30. Springer Science Business Media, 2013.

Argumentative essay LAWS

Argumentative essay LAWS Argumentative essay LAWS Effectiveness of Law Enforcement Suitability of Formal Law Enforcement in Conflicting Crime As stated by Ashbel, Wall, and Tracey, â€Å"The primary mission of law enforcement is to maintain peace and order and provide a safe environment† (Ashbel, Wall, and Tracey 1). In addition, law enforcement experts have the mandate of providing a safe habitation for everyone. All domains in law enforcement have their own roles, which have interconnections regarding their primary motive-providing public safety. Harvey Wiener in his chapter 5 introduction article put it, â€Å"Yet, to judge by the current events, it seems that many people in America see the government as an evil to be avoided rather than an avenue for sustaining life in a just world† (Wiener 161). This raises the question whether the law enforcement practices are fair to people over whom it has jurisdiction. This shows that law, despite the fact that its enforcement is vital, some elements in its practice leave questions regarding its suitability. It therefore becomes the main objective of this paper to determine the validity of these arguments. Elrich and Brower state, â€Å"Increased punishment for offenders culminates to a substantial reduction in crime frequency† (Elrich and Brower 99). As such, there is an increased risk with regard to victimization due to the practical private law enforcement. In addition, the protection measures severity increase, which is associated with the increase in scope of the prevention variables. In everyone’s knowledge, it is universally agreed that punishment prevents crime, and as Elrich and Brower put it, â€Å"There are three possible reasons that act as a punishment’s causal interpretations† (Elrich and Brower 99). One of them is punishment as a prevention variable in preventing crime, as a disincentive of any criminal activity. This makes the entire practice of law enforcement vague and difficult to understand, especially pertaining to its efficiency and func tionality. In the recent past, the application of the so-called ‘Economics of Crime’ in the United States has been on the rise. As Frey states, â€Å"Assume that a lot of punishment prevents crime† (Frey 92). It is vital to comprehend that punishment is substantively effective even when not applied. According to the economics of crime, punishment mechanisms serve as signals to show what kind of behavior is both morally and legally undesired by the lawmakers. Expressive punishment procedures therefore reveal that they are the only possible actions to apply when it becomes difficult to impose other types of punishment. The second component is the mechanism of humiliating the offenders. This entails the strategies whereby offenders are actively exposed to the public. Consequently, their reputation is diminished. The accompanying distrust is very negative for the perpetrators, instigating dishonor, especially in their profession. The other mechanisms revolve around c rushing the perpetrator, for example confronting the victims, usually targets psychic effects. For example, a killer of a father can be forced to share the experience of any immense loss suffered by the children and the widow. Offering of lower wages is also one of the measures. This makes the perpetrators more socially withdrawn. The other component advocates that under no circumstances can crime be tolerated. This is based on the alleged broken window theory. In this, even the perpetrators of the somewhat insignificant misdemeanors must be severely punished in the quest to discourage the public from deviating from the law. Others support life imprisonment after a perpetrator commits two minor offences. To the government side, it might be that if a perpetrator gets a punishment of the same level as that of a major crime, he may tend to commit the most significant ones. It therefore raises the question whether the system is fair enough, or whether it aids in committing big crimes. I n an anthology called Campus Climate Control by

God for example

I belief that not everything in this world needs to be proven, God for example. Not everybody believes in God even if people saw him some will still deny. We do not need to prove it, and why should we care if someone doesn't believe it. Believing in God is a personal faith and everyone is free to believe in what he/she wants to. Besides I think it is a waste of time to try to find proofs for Gods existence while we can have that time searching for a better job or a better house. Doubts in Gods existence are not helpful. We need to concentrate on material things, medicine for example. Is that medicine is better than another one at treating cancer? Isnt that more necessary to prove? Life is full of surprises and so fast that I find it hard to accept the fact that anyone would agreeably choose to go through their career as an "bright" creature on this earth with the idea that they actually know anything with absolute certainty. In my opinion, there will be no certainty at all. It is hard to change peoples beliefs by knowledge because these beliefs have been living inside their minds and soul for a while. We can not just take them away in such a short time. These beliefs lived there as a part of the human body. Skepticism is necessary in life but in limits. If we doubt everything, we will never belief in anything. I have a close friend that we have been together for along time sharing good times and bad times and if someone comes up to me and tell me that my friend is cheating or talking on my back, I should not be concerned no matter what because if I was concerned then I do not have trust on my friend, and therefore I am not a friend. However I will go and ask my friend about it. Being concerned about it with emotions is not in the limit, but asking my friend is needed. We can not say that we have enough knowledge no matter how long we have been learning or searching. Knowledge is an infinite subject...

Cultural Competence in Nursing Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural Competence in Nursing Practice - Essay Example From his responses it could be obtained that he expects medical treatments and healthcare services from both private and government institutions. According to him, funding of medical treatments in his country is based upon publicly funded universal healthcare system and hence even in a different country, his expectations are such that the systems would be similar to some extent. In terms of healthy lives, Australia belongs to one of the top ranks in the world, hence he expects similar treatment to be available for him in another country as well. As far as his perception regarding the American healthcare and nursing system is concerned, it could be obtained from his responses that he is significantly satisfied with the funding programs in medical treatments offered by the country, although here the control are mostly in the hands of private organizations. According to him, America provides with significant and all necessary facilities for healthcare and the quality of treatments is also high. However one factors which concerns him is the cost of treatment in America, which is significantly high per person and hence is perceived as difficult to afford, by him in general. The interviewee also mentioned that nurses need to be more cooperative and understanding towards the patients belonging to other cultures. According to him, nurses are responsible for a large part of the treatment procedures and that patients need to be associated well with the nurses for enhanced treatment and wellbeing of the patients. Hence if nurses are ignorant of the patients only because they belong to a different culture, it would prove to have negative impact on the patients. It can be obtained that cultural competence is an essential factor in terms of nursing and healthcare systems. Cultural competence involves enhanced understanding of the different people and their cultures, thereby improving

Ethical Dilemma in Admission Criteria for Nursing School Essay

Ethical Dilemma in Admission Criteria for Nursing School - Essay Example This paper stresses that  the dilemma concerning students’ perspective in admission into nursing schools are caused by costs, expected benefits, and the lengthy of the application process. Nursing education requires a variety of technology and equipment for study. These equipments are costly to buy and maintain. As a result, the institutions of nursing are forced to charge high fees to in order to cover the costs of buying learning equipment and paying highly specialized instructors. Students have to decide whether join or avoid the nursing school costs. Avoiding the costs may lead to short-run savings among the students, but they will miss the opportunities of reaping the long-run benefits from the nursing profession. Similarly, decision to join the college may be associated with a lot of sacrifice to meet the fees requirements.  Thiis discussion highlights that  students believe that nursing courses expose them to comparatively higher paying jobs. However, students are also aware pursuing nursing courses requires extensive reading and sacrificing. Interested students may not be able to decide whether to sacrifice their life for future greater benefits or avoid the pain associated with studying and use the time to study less demanding courses while simultaneously doing other income generating activities. Additionally, the process of joining nursing colleges is lengthy and expensive since students have to pass the stipulated preliminary tests.  

Corporate Finance - Assignment 01 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate Finance - 01 - Assignment Example It was prudent, as the finance manager, to make a transaction decision that had the highest competitive advantage. The decision would be based on the exchange rate for both currencies based on the AED. By monitoring the exchange rate for a period of five days, it was evident that the best decision would be established. In addition, monitoring the exchange rate for both currencies in relation to the AED provided the opportunity to establish the best possible currency to use; the most stable among the two. a) Check the exchange rate for a period of five days and create a table of comparisons of how much will be your AED50m worth on each of the five days in both Euros and GB pounds. Choose the currency you will use for your transactions. Considering the purchasing power parity, the law of one price states that similar goods should have a similar price after taking into account the exchange rate. This is before transportation costs have been incorporated to the cost of bringing the goods to the desired location. In this case, the Great Britain Pound will be used for the transactions because there are minimal deviations in the exchange rate from 24th December to 28th December. In addition, the exchange rate is stable as opposed to the Euro. Purchasing the equipment on the second day would save the company As the finance manager, the option maximizes utility, but at a relatively higher cost compared to the first day of monitoring the exchange rate. Purchasing the equipment on the third day would save the company Contrary to the savings on the first and second day; the third day proves to have AED124 and AED2, 606 more savings respectively. The third day would be the best option because the exchange rate maximizes utility at the lowest cost. Purchasing the equipment on the fifth day would save the company The savings are relatively lower than those on the first and third day. Although the option maximizes utility, it does so but at a

The History Of Descartes Dream Argument

The History Of Descartes Dream Argument In this paper, I will be discussing Descartes dream argument for which I will try to find reliable signs between being asleep and awake. When looking at Descartes argument I find it to be a valid argument due to its premises and structure. I will explain his argument, prove that it is factually sound and valid, and then discuss arguments against his argument and then refute them. Descartes attempts to find out what true knowledge was by finding everything something that was indubitable. His thought was to take the indubitable belief and build his knowledge and beliefs based on the indubitable belief. His dream argument was one of the ways he attempted to strengthen his theory. His dream argument states the idea that one cannot trust your senses when awake, because your mind is capable producing false images while dreaming. If the mind can produce false images while we are asleep dreaming, couldnt your mind also create false images while you are awake? If you cant fully trust what you have seen while asleep, how can you rely on what you see when awake? Descartes dream argument states that you can often have perceptions very much like the ones while dreaming. There are no definite signs to determine dreaming experience from a waking experience. Therefore, It is possible that I am dreaming right now and all knowledge I find while dreaming is false. In other term s, Descartes first premise states that when asleep or awake, the same type of perception and senses are found feel the same way no matter which state you are in. His second premise states that there are no reliable ways to determine if you are dreaming or not that would be able to work every time. With these two premises, Descartes finds that while you are asleep, you could be feeling similar things to what you might feel while awake. You cant tell if you are dreaming or awake at any given time, which means you could be dreaming and everything which you would sense or feel would be based on false and untrue findings. This statement leads you to question whether at any given time are you awake or dreaming, or are you in a constant state of dreaming and anything knowledge you gained during your constant dreaming state, is true or not? This argument backs what Descartes is trying to prove, what real knowledge is, and that knowledge we find to be true could still be false, because of th e state in which we received the knowledge. We cannot simply accept this argument without attempting to find ways to disprove it. If we pretend that the feelings we have while we are asleep are like the feelings we have when we are awake, and if we cant tell if we are dreaming or not, the only conclusion you can make from this is that it is entirely possible to be dreaming at this moment and all of our feelings are based on factitious things. We wouldnt be able to tell the difference between a dreaming state and an awake state, because they both feel the same to us. When are dreaming you can possibly feel everything you would while being awake. This concludes that there is no way to know if you are curled up in your bed dreaming, or out in the real world awake. I believe that the first premise is true because everyone including myself has had a moment in a dream in which they felt like was reality. As long as you have had at least one small tiny moment in which you thought a dream was a reality, the premise holds. It doesnt require all of our dreams to be this way, it requires just one small moment to put the d oubt in your mind, if it happened once couldnt it be happening right now. A counter argument we will look at tries to go against what Descartes was trying to prove through his dream argument, which is can you cast doubt on knowledge that we would otherwise deem truthful. The ideas in your dreams are based off of things or experiences you have had or felt in real life, which would mean you could trust what you felt in your dreams, because it is based off of the real world. In the real world you can come across a picture of a unicorn which we know doesnt exist. A unicorn is merely a horse with a horn on its head, both things which exist in the real world, and even though the picture is factitious it comes from experiences in the real world. Which would mean anything we dream up would come from things we have already seen in real live. A way to disprove this argument would be modern video games. For example the video game Skyrim which has you running around in a factitious world hunting down dragons. Dragons are a completely fictional creature which leads us to show that someone at some point dreamt up the creature of a scaled, flying, fire breathing beast. Whom ever dreamt up the fictional character of a dragon would have done so without any previous experience of what characteristics a dragon would possess. Which in turn leads us to believe people can make things up without ever having a dragon like creature imprinted in his mind before dreaming it up. Descartes argument was found to be both sound and valid. We can conclude that at any given time we cannot determine if we are dreaming or not. I believe Descartes was right with his findings. I do not believe that there are any valid signs to determine whether you are awake or asleep. Granted you may be able to argue that the pain you felt while you where awake such as getting punched in the face could only happen while you were awake that there was no way that you could be dreaming. But you can always go back to that one dream or moment when you were in an sleeping state and you felt a pain that felt so real you could have sworn you werent dreaming. All it takes for Descartes argument to work is for you to be able to think of that one moment in which a part of your dream felt so real that you could have sworn it really happened. This goes to show if it happens once even for a split second, it could be happening right now and you would never know it.

Love, Sonnets and Songs :: Sonnet essays

Love, Sonnets and Songs.   Mary Wroth's prose romance, The Countess of Mountgomeries Urania, closely compares with her uncle, Sir Philip Sidney, 1593 edition The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia.   Wroth was undoubtedly following her uncle's lead by trying to emulate Astrophil and Stella.   Astrophil and Stella and Pamphilia to Amphilantus are both about being in love and they both have over one hundred sonnets and songs. After rereading both pieces, I was struck not by their similarities but by their differences.   For example, Stella is assertive and Pamphilia is passive.   Stella is truly bound by her love for Astrophil while Pamphilia cannot break herself free from the love she feels forAmphilantus.   Sidney creates a female beauty that retains her voice and speaks, whereas Wroth allows her woman to remain inactive and vulnerable.   However, Wroth no longer allows the female to be the object.   She gives the female a voice and she is now the speaking subject.   Pamphilia remains inactive and unfulfilled but very patient. A good question for the reader to ask oneself is why would Wroth not establish a strong female speaking subject like the one she was trying to imitate?   Wroth was the first woman writer in England to publish a romance and a sonnet sequence.   She was by no means conservative or cared about what people thought of her, which has been proved by the antics of her personal life.   So why not establish that same woman character/speaking voice in her prose?   I would like now to look at the similarities and differences of Stella and Pamphilia. First, Philip Sidney and his female character Stella.   Stella has a voice and does speak, however, she speaks in the songs and not the sonnets themselves.   We see in the first two lines in each stanza of the Eleventh Song, Stella speaking and Astrophil answering her. Who is it that this dark night Underneath my window plaineth? It is one who from they sight Being (ah) exiled, disdaineth Every other vulgar light. Because she is not granted a sonnet, the standpoint that women are not allowed a voice has some truth to it.   Another standpoint is the way the women are viewed.   Women are viewed by their physical aspects.   For example, in sonnet 7, the speaker states: When Nature make her chief work, Stella's eyes In color black why wrapped she beams so bright?

Marketing Communication Strategies for Kudler Fine Foods

Marketing Communication Strategies While Kudler Fine Foods (KFF) will offer similar products both domestically and internationally, the marketing communication strategies will be both similar and different amongst its regional interests. By understanding the comparing and contrasting of the KFF market strategies in the United States, as well as overseas, effective marketing communication can be determined and utilized. Comparison Considering the company’s expansion to both Canada and England, one obvious similarity, is that there will be no language barrier.Although phrases and slang may differ, for the most part, the labeling and promoting will be understandable by all countries. Language barriers can often be a struggle for international businesses, but in this case, interpreting market trends and consumer wants will be easier to help design effective marketing strategies. Likewise, KFF will meet competition in both domestic and international markets, which affects how commu nication strategies will change based on market needs.Competition will determine whether or not KFF will maintain its superiority in the domestic market and its success in the new international markets, (â€Å"Difference Between Domestic And International Marketing†,  2013). Contrast Similarly, the types of competitors and how to combat each situation will differ with the domestic and international marketing communication. For starters, KFF already has a foothold in the domestic market, whereas they are just entering a new market internationally. In this case, internationally market communication is more complex and requires more financial resources, time, effort, and contains higher risk.Differently, the audience will change between domestic and internationally consumers. Understanding the cultural differences and market demands are the highest priority. In this way, how a product is marketed will change amongst the regional locations. Also the laws that govern each countr y may affect what can be marketed and how. It is essential to understanding all business laws that pertain to KFF during the planning phase. Last, another noticeable difference is the budget amount for marketing in domestic and international strategies.The budget is smaller for the domestic marketing, because KFF already has a reputation built and already has the necessary marketing in place. However, internationally, the marketing requires building. In this way, the budget for marketing strategies will be higher, (â€Å"Difference Between Domestic And International Marketing†,  2013). Reference: Difference Between Domestic and International Marketing. (2013). Retrieved from http://www. differencebetween. net/business/difference-between-domestic-and-international-marketing/

SETI essays

SETI essays Bertrand Russell wrote, There are two possibilities. Maybe we are alone. Maybe we are not. Both are equally frightening (Jakosky 1). The question of life in the universe is one that leaves many in a state of bewilderment. It becomes even more interesting when it leads to another question that of intelligent life in the universe. Finding other intelligent civilizations among the interstellar space would greatly affect every aspect of our existence. Conversely, not finding such a civilization would force us to examine the purpose of our own existence. To help answer the question, astronomers and scientists set up a program in search for extraterrestrial intelligence. This program, or SETI, was set up to verify, by observation that extraterrestrial life does exist. SETI tries to prove this by picking up and analyzing radio signals by means of satellites and advanced computers (Heidmann 116). The history of the SETI program is quite interesting. It started back in 1959 with the help of two famous Cornell University physicists, Guiseppi Cocconi and Phil Morrison. Both claimed that it would be possible to communicate with other potential extraterrestrial life in space by the use of techniques used in radio astronomy (Heidmann 112). Together, they voiced their belief that if other alien astronomers elsewhere in the universe possessed radio telescopes, that it would be possible to converse between the two (Heidmann 112-113). A young astronomer by the name of Francis Drake agreed with the theories of Cocconi and Morrison. He proposed building a radio receiver in order to listen for waves of sound being transmitted through space. It wasnt until the spring of 1960 that Drake began his first project of SETI, Ozma. In this project, he was the first to conduct a search for signals transmitted from other solar systems. For two tedious months, Drake pointed an eighty-five foot antenna...

The Middle East And North Africa Mena Economics Essay Essays

The Middle East And North Africa Mena Economics Essay Essays The Middle East And North Africa Mena Economics Essay Essay The Middle East And North Africa Mena Economics Essay Essay of which, with the exclusion of Syria and the West Bank and Gaza, all states in the part are members or have observer position. Ten MENA states have signed European Union-Mediterranean Association Agreements ( EMAAs ) with the E.U. These understandings replace the discriminatory entree to European markets for goods from African, Caribbean, and Pacific states with a mutual decrease in duties on many goods. However, these understandings by and large exempt agricultural trade goods. The MENA part is besides an oil rich part and the part s economic lucks over much of the past one-fourth century have been to a great extent influenced by the monetary value of oil. During the recession of 2008 that effected planetary economic systems and the demand for oil, it led to increase uncertainness for the MENA part because of its high dependance on oil monetary value in the international market. As an incorporate unit MENA has been able to get by with planetary recession because of its combined trade policy. In the old ages to come, integrated parts similar to MENA might be the reply to future jobs and therefore makes it of import to look at costs and benefits of economic integrating in the visible radiation of MENA. The paper will foremost look at the current jobs and challenges faced by the MENA part and so look at the benefits of integrating to the part Challenges faced by the MENA part In order to understand the challenges faced by the MENA part jointly, it is of import to split the part into groups and expression at these jobs in a coherent segregated mode. Harmonizing to a study by OECD titled Opportunities and challenges in the MENA part these categorizations are: Resource-rich, labor-abundant states are manufacturers and exporters of oil and gas and have big native populations, which represent about the entirety of their occupants. This group of states includes Algeria, Iraq, Syria and Yemen. Resource-rich, labor-importing states are manufacturers and exporters of oil and gas and have big portions of foreign or expatriate occupants, who represent a important per centum of the entire population, even the bulk in some instances. This group of states comprises the Gulf Cooperation Council ( GCC ) members ( Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates ) and Libya. Resource-poor states are little manufacturers or importers of oil and gas. These states include Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, and the Palestinian Authority. ( OECD, 2003 ) Unemployment The challenges faced by MENA include high unemployment degrees ( in specific among young person ) ; permeant corruptness and deficiency of answerability and transparence ; bloated public sectors with state-owned endeavors that crowdout the development of private endeavor and investing ; low degrees of endeavor creative activity ; and, for a figure of states, a high dependance on fuel and nutrient imports bring forthing extended exposure to trade good monetary value volatility. Given that these challenges are both structural and interconnected, they can be addressed merely through a co-ordinated and comprehensive scheme that involves authoritiess, the private sector, civil society, and the international community which I will demo subsequently in the essay. The chart below from the World Bank shows unemployment rates for 2000 and 2009 in the MENA part, bespeaking the alteration in unemployment over nine old ages. ( World Bank, 2011 ) Arab Spring Revolution Immigration is expected to increase in those states most affected by the Arab Spring. Immigration to GCC states, which already host important portions of Arab immigrants, is expected to lift. Numerous histories have been reported of Immigrants flying from Northern Africa to Europe. Furthermore, a study of Egyptian immature people by the International organisation for Migration found that the oncoming of protests and instability may hold acted as a primary push factor for young person who reported anterior purposes to migrate. The study s consequences showed that two-thirds of respondents with migration purposes who were working prior to the start of the protests were negatively affected by the events: 26 per centum lost their occupations, 20 per centum were asked to take unpaid leave, and 19 per centum witnessed a decrease in their working hours. ( International Organization for Migration, 2011 ) Inflation Datas from OECD indicated that high rising prices which is the merchandise of a high dependance on fuel and nutrient imports represents a major challenge for resource-poor states. For the MENA part ; consumer monetary value rising prices has remained high since the oil and fuel monetary value spikes of 2007-08. This is peculiarly the instance in Egypt, which registered an rising prices rate of 5 per centum during 1996-2005 and a significantly higher rate of 11 per centum during 2006-10. A noteworthy exclusion to high rising prices has been Morocco, which has kept consumer monetary value additions below 3 per centum. ( OECD, 2003 ) Costss and Benefits of Economic Integration in MENA Although the MENA part has registered a comparatively high economic growing during the last few old ages, However ; the absence of a vivacious private sector which would hold been able to make more and better occupations, has meant that economic public presentation has non been reflected in improved life criterions for the bulk. As discussed earlier, some factors doing this lack are stiff labour markets, accomplishments mismatches, the herding out of private endeavor by SOEs and high corruptness. But there are besides other economic and structural factors, such as low degrees of fight in fabrication sectors, deficiency of export-market variegation, and low intraregional integrating which still exists in the part. Furthermore, although the Arab Spring provides an of import chance for economic reform, although its immediate effects will be negative for those states most affected by societal and political instability Passage illustrations from other parts suggest that the medium-run additions from traveling to more unfastened and accountable authoritiess are ample. Income growing tends to stabilise at a higher mean rate in the decennary after passage, and income volatility at a lower rate, as compared with the old period. The consequences will depend on how fleetly and believably authoritiess can perpetrate to reform. In the interim, as investors wait for political uncertainness to be resolved in states affected by political convulsion, it is inevitable that investing will be delayed and economic challenges will emerge. Evidence from earlier passages shows that these troubles tend to be limited ; growing typically dips for merely one twelvemonth and so returns to or exceeds old degrees. Integration via Trade in Goods Regional trade understandings ( RTAs ) have proliferatedin the MENA part in the past two decennaries. Such understandings can do it possible to harvest benefits from internationalintegration, while orienting the commissariats ofthe understandings to the peculiar demands and adjustmentcapacities of the states involved. They canalso have good indirect effects. Opening domesticmarkets to spouse states, for illustration, can increasecompetition in sectors with antecedently highlyconcentrated industrial constructions. Such precompetitive impacts are peculiarly of import for countriesthat have merely a nascent domestic competition policy.Also, regional cooperation can be effectual in harmonizingcustoms processs and domestic regulations.Adopting common regulations on investing, forexample, has the possible to promote increased inflowsof foreign direct investing by heightening thecredibility of FDI-related policies and supplying a restrainton sudden policy reversals. Harmonizing to the World Bank many MENA states have late seen the portion of intraregional trade in entire ware trade addition dramatically over the past two decennaries. Compared to this ; the extent of intraregional trade remains lowerthan in all other parts of the universe, except for South Asia. Though the ratio of intraregional trade to GDP exceeds 15 per centum in the Syrian Arab Republic and Jordan, in most MENA states the ratio remains in the low individual figures. In peculiar, resource-rich, labor-importing states by and large show a really low degree of intra-MENA exports in relation to GDP, despite high entire export-to-GDP ratios. ( World Bank, 2005 ) . Integration through Servicess For an economic system, services typically contribute a major part to the GDP. Therefore, it is of import to take barriers to entryfor both domestic and foreign houses and increasethe efficiency of services. The current regional integrating understandings inMENA by and large do non cover services trade, and in countries where the understandings do cover services, it is in the footings of purposes and silent understandings. Furthermore, there still exist differences in ordinances and at times bounds on the physical motion of persons. In these instances it is presently making a state of affairs in which it is frequently easier for MENA states service suppliers to run in states outside the part than within. The chart below from the World Bank represents the service exports for selected states in the MENA part. Integration through Labor reforms If we compare the part s integrating through trade and labour we can see that the MENA part is more incorporate in the globaleconomy through labour mobility than through tradeand investing. Harmonizing to a study by the World Bank on the MENA part titled Economic Developments and Prospects it has outlined that the part s portion of planetary trade flows is below 5 per centum, andthe part receives an even lower portion of globalFDI flows. However, about 16 per centum of all remittancespaid out to migrators in the universe originate inthe MENA part, basically the GCC states, and 10 per centum of planetary remittals are standard byresidents of MENA states. ( World Bank, 2008 ) They have besides explained a recent tendency where MENA s portion in remittals has come down significantly since the 1990s, at atime when remittals to India, China, Mexico, andthe Philippines have increased exponentially. Therefore looking closely at these immense labour flows in the past it becomes of import to inquire here if in-migrations are wholly conflict-driven flows. This is non the instance if we look at the chart below where the portion of refugees as a part of Migrants has decreased dramatically. One of the primary factors prefering the addition in in-migration still appears to be demographics. Harmonizing to population projections from the United Nations in context with labour force engagement rates, show that, if there is no migration so the labour force in GCC states will maintain turning at 2.2 per centum per yearbetween 2005 and 2010, but after 2010, this growing rate will worsen. Thus, without extra migrator workers, two GCC workers would still hold to supportthree inactive individuals over the foreseeable hereafter. This shows that if there are no drastic alterations so underlying demographic factors will go on to prefer more migration. Integration through Capital Flows Two developments frame the context for recenttrends in capital markets in the MENA part: countriessuch as Syria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisiahave begun to intensify structural and institutionalreforms, increasing the demand for capital The oil roar has generated monolithic liquidness in theGulf provinces, therefore increasing the supply of capital. Compared with conditions in old oil boomperiods, a higher sum of the excess is now availableto the oil-exporting MENA states and is beingchanneled into project-based investings in the region.GCC states have already allocated over $ 1.3 trillion in substructure and fabrication investmentsover the following 5 old ages harmonizing to the EIU mentality for 2007 ( Economist Intelligence Unit, 2007 ) On the other manus, Project-based investings have late been increasingespecially in Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, andTunisia. These intra-MENA investings are largely basedon telecommunications, substructure, existent estate, touristry, and banking. The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency has list of multibillion-dollar investing undertakings in MENA which is acquiring longer. Harmonizing to them some recent investing undertakings include: A $ 9 billion touristry undertaking by Dubai Holding and Emaar Holding in Morocco, Kuwait s Telecom Group ( Wataniya ) spread outing into Tunisia, DubaiHolding geting 33.5 per centum of Tunis Telecom ( $ 2.25 billion ) , and the Bukhater Group s $ 5 billion City Complex undertaking in Tunisia. To day of the month, there are 15MENA national investing publicity bureaus, most of which were established in the past decade.New investings are facilitated by private groupsand finance houses, and authoritiess are closelymonitoring reform indexes published by i nternationalagencies to analyse the effects of greater investings intra-region. ( Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, 2011 ) Integration through Infrastructure Investments In footings of Infrastructure investing late, there have been cross-border substructure undertakings that are going more outstanding in the part. Some of the examplesinclude cross-border electricity grids, gas grapevines, conveyance links, and telecommunication webs. However, there are still many regulative and fiscal challenges.In the yesteryear, interconnectedness of power grids in theMENA part was chiefly driven by governmentsconcerns about continuing power supply securityin their several markets. On the other handother benefits, such as capital investings salvaging, are besides considered, though these are non yet the chief drivers fornetwork interconnectedness. The sum of exported and imported power still remains low in many instances. For case studies from the World Bank show that merely 12 per centum of entire capacity of theAlgeria-Morocco links is used, 17 per centum in the instance of the Algeria-Tunisia interconnectedness. ( World Bank, 2011 ) With the exclusion of Yemen and Djibouti, transportsystems are good developed in MENA states. Most states have been able to develop extensiveroad webs, with high capacity in some countries, and modern installations for air, sea, and railtransport. The cardinal issue in the part is the quality of the conveyance assets as a consequence of the deficiency of appropriatemaintenance or of hapless service operations due to institutional lacks. Cost-effectivetransport services, efficient facilitation, and transport substructure supplemented with good intermodalconnectivity are required to suit the growing in planetary and intraregional trade. However, regional integrating enterprises still remain at an early phase of development in the conveyance sector.As a consequence of the closing of several boundary lines in the part, land-based conveyance plays a minor function inintraregional trade in MENA. Decision In visible radiation of the recent developments and the challenges faced by the MENA part we can accurately see that there is still room for more significant development in the part as a consequence of greater intra-regional economic part. Looking at consequences from the development of intra-regional trade and services we can see that the benefits outweigh the costs and it is of import the reforms are taken at a governmental degree to let for greater de-regulation of markets and policies set uping trade flows between states. However, the recent oil roar and planetary trade good roar does leave enormous room for development and growing in the part.

Political Ideology and Voting Behavior in the Age of Jackson Essay

Political Ideology and Voting Behavior in the Age of Jackson - Essay Example The majority of all historical accounts depict President Jackson as a strong and aggressive individual who frequently resorted to bullying as a means of championing the causes of the common man. He has been reputed to have bullied the Indians, the national bank, and the states. Despite his strategic and methodic bullying of others, he is remembered as being responsible for bringing democracy to the â€Å"common† white man and championing one of the most poignant and vigilant suffrage movements of all times. His great favor for the common white man can be directly attributed to his humble beginnings. He was a fairly uneducated individual who received formal education sporadically throughout his formative years but was successful in applying himself to the study of law for a period of two years. As a direct result of this, he became an excellent lawyer and gained acclaim. His fame and fortune were a strong testament to the notion that with hard work and perseverance a common man can achieve success irrespective of his beginnings. This fame and fortune, however, was very costly in that President Jackson were greeted with great hostility by individuals fueled by jealousy. This jealousy resulted in the death of a man at the hands of President Jackson when he attempted to defend the honor of his wife, Rachel. President Jackson went on to become a national war hero when he led a brigade which was responsible for defeating the British at New Orleans during the war of 1812. Despite the fact that he did not win his first bid for presidency in 1824, his candidacy was historical in that he was the first individual to lose an election despite the fact that he amassed the most popular vote.3 He went on to become the seventh president of the United States. Since his election in 1828, he has been depicted as a democrat who has gone above and beyond to represent the common, working people with what became known as Jacksonian democracy. At the heart of Jacksonian democracy is the notion that the lion's share of the power to elect the leaders of the United States should reside with the people and not with the Electoral College or the House of Representatives. This notion was made salient by the 1824 loss he suffered when he won the popular vote and lost the election as a direct result of what he considered to be "corrupt bargain".4

Critique of an article in Educational Leadership - Future High Essay

Critique of an article in Educational Leadership - Future High Education Leaders Critique - Essay Example The solution to this recruitment crisis as suggested by the National College for School Leadership (NCSL) is to identify people with leadership talents so that they could be trained early in the fields of leadership and provide them with a greater number of role models. Hence, Future Leaders leadership is a development programme that works to mitigate such crisis through the process of making high-skilled individuals suitable for headship. Given this background, this article evaluates the Future Leaders leadership development programme through the assessment of case studies and interviews of the participants in the programme. Further the future of the headship and the Future Leaders programme is analyzed with respect to the matters of sustainability, enrollment and retention. The Futures Leaders leadership development programme was introduced to fill in the dearth of school teachers in leading roles especially in the schools located in the urban areas. The objective was to form a genre of leaders who are willing to commit their future professions in the field of leadership in urban schools. The goal was to increase the band containing head teachers so that they can be recruited as and when required in urban complex schools. The programme has been built up in the lines of NLNS (New Leaders for New Schools) programme in New York. The members of the NCSL, ARK (Absolute Return for Kids) and SSAT (Specialist Schools and Academies Trust) developed the Future Leaders vocational programme in 2006. Along with the above mentioned objectives, the Future Leaders programme also aims to recruit individuals from non-traditional fields offer a new mode of recruiting senior staffs in urban schools along with a pioneering approach that would manage risk. It gives the teachers and individuals not attached with schools an alternative approach that would help them attain a fast track

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Personal Statement Example My excellent interpersonal skills help me to communicate business information to my target audience by preparing crisp and well thought out presentations. I consider myself a social person for I like spending time with my families and friends. Being the part of the local community, I also like providing my assistance at local events and for other social causes. I am currently studying at Mt San Antonio College and this is my third year of school. Most of my subjects in the school are business related and therefore my interest in this particular field of study has grown with time. Within all this while I have learnt that my courses are much more than business management. They are providing an experience to the customer that is not less than exceptional; while motivating the employees to deliver their best by fulfilling their responsibilities. The basic responsibilities of the employees should be the maintenance of loyal customer base, providing exceptional customer service, guiding the customers on the product information and applications, handling new merchandise and working as a team to achieve mutual organizational objectives. All these factors contribute towards the success of an organization and therefore I have tried my level best to learn these skills through practical and theoretical knowledge. My father is an entrepreneur and is running his own business for almost 15 years. As a child I accompanied my father to various business meeting and negotiations. I heard my father and his employees discussing about the current economic conditions of the country and status of the stock market. Although as a kid I did not have much knowledge about all this but as I grew up, I started finding this subject interesting. I eagerly started waiting for my father to ask me to accompany me at the business meetings or negotiations. It was in the first year of my high school that I started watching businesses news for studying the position of several

Microbiology Essay Example for Free

Microbiology Essay 1.List five environments where you are likely to find microbial growth: Lakes, soil, oceans, tundras, deserts 2.How do microbes contribute to soil fertility? The decomposition that microbes take part in help release mineral nutrients, such as potassium and nitrogen, from dead organic matter and allowing primary producers the nutritional access. They also produce CO2 and CH4 to release into the soil and atmosphere. 3.Describe the growth you observed in each of your samples: Soil: I chose an area of soil outside of my apartment to do my soil sample. I noticed that there were a few prominent growth in this dish. The majority of them seemed to grow in a snowflake shape and were mainly white. Whether they were different types of microbes or just one, I am not sure. There was one growth that had a black center and a white border that was shaped like a snowflake. Air: I left the dish uncovered in my kitchen and the growth was interesting. I noticed that there were three distinct microbial growths that were prominent along with a small smattering of white along the petri dish. There was one growth that was a dark grey colour with a mottled appearance, another that was a white colour with a mottled appearance, and finally one that was a tan colour with a bubbly appearance. Water: There is a small and very stale pond near my house that I took the water sample from. This was by far the most disgusting of the three observations. The growth I observed looked like a very dark Picasso painting. There was a black coloured colony that had a fuzzy appearance, there was a dark green coloured colony that looked wrinkled and somewhat mottled, there was a colony with a black center and white surrounding it with a wispy appearance, and there was a white colony with a very feathery appearance. 4.What were the differences between the growths in each plate? The similarities? The differences in the growth plates is that each of the three environments had their own bacteria that were specific to it. It seems as if the water sample had the most growth due to the fact that it was continually exposed to the elements and people. The soil one seemed as if it may have some fungal microbes due to the snowflake like appearance. There were similarities between the soil plate and the water plate. It could be that the droplets from the water reached the soil area and that their microbes could be colonizing there. I saw no similarities between the air plate and any of the other two. 5.What is the difference between and autotroph and a heterotroph? The difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph is that an autotroph is capable of deriving its energy from light using photosynthesis or he oxidation of reduced organic or inorganic molecules. Heterotrophs are not able to produce heir own food and are required to feed on other organisms in order to obtain their energy. 6.Define the following terms: Photoautotroph – Capable of using ligh as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source Photoheterotroph- Uses light as an energy source and reduced organic compounds as a carbon source Chemoautotroph- Uses inorganic chemicals as an energy source and CO2 as a principal carbon source Chemoheterotroph- Uses organic compounds as an energy source as well as a principal carbon source 7.What is nitrogen fixation? What role do microbes serve? Nitrogen fixation is a process where atmospheric nitrogen is converted into a useable form of nitrogen (ammonia). Microbes serve a role in nitrogn fixation because they are the only organisms capable of performing this process. 8.Define the following terms: Hyphae- Tube like structures with a rigid cell wall that protects the cell membrane Mycelium- A structure that is composed of intertwined thread-like hyphae. This is the primary structural component of the fungi buried in thhe soil/organic matter that the fungus is living on Septate- Also known as cross-walls, they divide the hyphae into sections giving them the possibility of containing more than one nucleus in addition to the usual organelles found in these cells. 9.What type of morphological features were you able to see in your fungal wet mounts? In your stained preparations? In the wet mount, it was very obvious that the organisms growing on the food were of fungal origins. There was a network of hyphae that was branching out and tangled up around the slide. In the stained preparations, I could see the individual sections that are divided by the septae. Within these sections, if you went up to a higher powered lens, you could see dark little spots which I am assuming are the nuclei. I also saw that there were tiny little buds that were present throughout the hyphae tangle. 10.List the four main classifications of fungi and describe each group Chytridiomycota- The smallest and simplest fungi. They are considered the ancestors of modern fungi and are primarily aquatic organisms. The majority are decomposeres but come can be plant pathogens. Zygomycota- Mostly terrestrial fungi that live in soil or decaying plant and animal matter. They are mainly parasites of plants, insects, and animals. Ascomycota- The largest and most diverse group of fungi that includes the fungal element of lichen and many edible fungi (morels and truffles). Basidiomycota- Producers of spores on a stick or club-like structures and are known as club fungi. Some club fungi are edible but the majority are poisonous. 11.What fungi would you find in the group Deuteromycota? Deuteromycota has fungi that have lost the ability to reproduce sexually. 12.What is a lichen? Lichens are the symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an algae where the fungus is usually an ascomycete and the algae is usually a cyanobacteria. The fungal partner cant grow without the algae. 13.Define the following terms: Parasite- An organism that lives off of another living organism without killing or helping the host organism in any way. Saprobe- An organism that uses dead organic matter as a food source. Mutualistic Organism- Organisms that live in close association with another type of organism in a mutually beneficial relationship such as lichens. 14.What are the five common features of fungi? Fungi are heterotrophs and depend on other organisms as a carbon source. The structure of fungi is generally found as a unicellular fungi or as a mycelium. Most fungi have cell walls that are primarily composed of chitin. Fungi acquire their food through absorption which and transport their nutrients from substrate directly through their cell walls. Most fungi reproduce through sexual and asexual routes. Which route is used is determined by the environmental conditions. Describe the growth on each of your substrates, what were the similarities? The differences? I chose bread, a strawberry, a slice of tomato, and a square of cheese as my growing substrates. The similarities amongst them was in the general appearance of the mold. Each specimen had mold that was fuzz in appearance and seemed to branch away from a central location and spread throughout the food. A white colour was seen in each of the specimens as well. However, the bread mold had black in it as well as the white which makes me believe that it has different fungi that prefer bread to the other foods. The cheese, strawberry, and tomato all had white fuzzy mold on it. The cheeses mold was more dispersed throughout the food in a random pattern. The strawberry and the tomato mold looked very similar to one another and grew rather aggressively and covered the whole specimen.

Essay --

As the policy pyramid shows, the best security begins with upper management creating an actual policy or mandate to implement security. The policy should be based on industry standards and regulations such as ISO 17799 and HIPAA. Procedures, practices and guidelines form the basis for all security technology. Products such as ESM measure policy compliance with policies and modules for operating applications, systems and databases. These then interact with the actual computer environment. the components of an effective information security policy : †¢Security accountability: Stipulate the security roles and responsibilities of general users, key staff, and management. Producing accountability within these three staff categories will help your organization comprehend and manage expectations and provides a foundation for enforcing all other ancillary policies and procedures. This section should also define various classes of data, such as inner,basic and external, and confidential. By classifying the data, you can then make stipulations as to what varieties of employees are accountable for, and capable to modify or distribute, certain classes of information. For example, you may send out memos that say, "No confidential data may be circulated outside the business without management sign-off." †¢Group service plans: Generate policies for protected remote access, IP address administration and router, switch and configuration security procedures, and access listing (ACL) stipulations. Before they can be implemented, Indicate which important staff have to review which change procedures. For example, your security staff should review all recommended ACL modifications before your network administrators implement the changes. Define your r... ...n making options about method configuration and employ. This method will help you create specific safety goals along with a plan to tackle them. Before you manage protection you have to have a method to measure its usefulness. Your corporate security plan provides the suitable baseline standards against which to calculate compliance. There is no need to commence from scratch. Instead of analyzing each and every risk, take a look at what others are doing. Meet up with standards of due treatment by using current standards and industry "greatest practices". Focus on regulations and requirements from industry, partners and government. Some small companies have the propensity to outline security policy from the bottom up, beginning with the features of the equipment at hand. Medium and large businesses know that noise security guidelines begin in the top straight down.

Emerging Adulthood Paper

After leaving the adolescence stage, young adults are not ready mentally to take on adult roles and responsibilities. Therefore the stage called emerging adulthood takes place before adulthood is entered. According to a survey, a large amount of Americans felt they were adult only in their late twenties and early thirties. During the period of emerging adulthood, many common changes take place in educational paths, jobs, love partners, and identity. Also, many people make changes their majors several times, and after graduating enter graduate school which delays settlement into the desired career path.Since young adults are always on the move, they move in and out of homes and resident halls. Due to unsettlement in career and being on the move, results in delay marriage as well. However, not every young adult around the world goes through this typical phase – emerging adulthood. Many young adults in non-western countries have no emerging adulthood. They enter marriage, parenth ood, and lifelong work early. In low-SES families, young people do not finish high school or are unprepared for college, and are less likely to leave home, therefore emerging adulthood is nonexistent.Emerging adults also begin too to build intimacy and trust in relationships that will last a lifetime. However, individuals in emerging adulthood think of intimacy in a different way than in the past. The Sacramento Bee published an article on â€Å"Researchers Find College Students’ Sexual Hookups More Complex than Originally Thought,† by Binghamton University which states that in the U. S. emerging adults have created a new shift during the period of adolescence and young adulthood in which they are more open to and accept uncommitted sexual activity during the college years.Justin R. Garcia, a researcher from The Kinsey Institute said that cultural dating has changed and moved away from dating under parental supervision. Emerging adults view sex in a non-committal way, using it as an experience as opposed to a committed relationship that will last over the years. Researchers got together to conclude a brief look at the cultural circumstance identified as â€Å"hook-ups. † A large percentage of emerging adults’ hookup, however it is not just about the sex, said Garcia. Many seek for love and a romantic relationship.Also, alcohol and drug use play a major role in uncommitted sex. But this research is not just about the negative effects of hookups. The study gives an opportunity to understand this stage of a young person’s development and for parents and those who interact with emerging adults to be educated about sexual behavior in emerging adults. I believe this will continue to be a specific period of time because every person from the age of 18 begins to make long term-goals for the future. The first long term decision that has a large effect on their life is the choice to attend college.I think that by moving away to another state or country for college creates not only changes environmentally, but also in relationships with family, friends, and close ones and new relationships are built as well. On the other hand, in the near future, I believe that this period will continue to change. More and more high school graduates will go on to college to get a rewarding job financially compared in the past. College students will also depend on their parents financially due to high rates of taxes and since jobs are hard to obtain. If this does not change, emerging adults will not move out until they are financially stable.Marriage will be postponed as well. Emerging adults will start getting married after graduating from college to be able to support a family. However, I think that many will restrain from getting married. There will not only be the technology but also more to see and do by traveling to satisfy one’s self. Also, many emerging adults view sex in a non-committal way. Emerging adults may not see the need for marriage when they don’t need to commit to one person. Which is why I believe life will be different in the future for this period of adulthood.

Culture and Civilization

Culture and Civilization According to anthropologists of 19th century, Culture is earlier and Civilization is later. Everything created by man is culture, civilization is an advanced state of cultural development. Culture developed in three stages: Savagery >> Barbarianism >> Civilization (Acts of cruel and violent behavior) (Extremely cruel and unpleasant behavior) Alfred Louis Kroeber said Culture is super organic, he has given three forms of culture namely Social Culture (Status and Role), Value Culture (Philosophy, Morals) and Reality Culture (Science and Technology, etc).According to Kroeber civilization is a part of reality culture. Robert Redfield said culture is a totality of traditions and civilization is a totality of great and little traditions. Culture: The collective appearance of customs, faith, art, language, way of thinking and way of living of a particular group of people. And civilization is the developed part, when different cultures meet. Difference between Cultur e and Civilization, Sociologists View Culture| Civilization| Culture includes religion, art philosophy, literature, music, dance, etc. hich brings satisfaction and pleasure to many. It is the expression of final aspects of life. | Civilization includes all those things by means of which some other objective is attained. Type writers, motors, etc. come under this category. Civilization consists of technology or the authority of man over natural phenomenon as well as social technology which control man's behavior. | Culture is what we are. | Civilization is what we have. | Culture has no standard of measurement because it is an end in itself. Civilization has a precised standard of measurement. The universal standard of civilization is utility because civilization is a means. | Culture cannot be said to be advancing. It cannot be asserted that the art, literature, thoughts are ideals of today’s and superior to those of past. | Civilization is always advancing. The various const ituents of civilizations namely machines, means of transportation, communication, etc. are constantly progressive. | Culture is internal and an end. It is related to internal thoughts, feelings, ideals, values, etc.It is like the soul of an individual. | Civilization is external and a means. It is the means for the expression and manifestation of the grandness, it is like the body of an individual. | Difference between Culture and Civilization, Anthropologists View Culture| Civilization| All societies have culture. | Only a few societies have civilization. | Culture is earlier. | Civilization is later. | Culture is pre-condition for civilization to develop. | Civilization represents a stage of cultural advancement. | Culture is super organic. Civilization is a part of reality culture. | Culture is a totality of traditions. | Civilization is a totality of great and little traditions. | Culture Vs Civilization Firstly, civilization in theory is bigger than culture in which an entire c ivilization can encompass one single unit of culture. Civilization is a bigger unit than culture because it is a complex aggregate of the society that dwells within a certain area, along with its forms of government, norms, and even culture. Thus, culture is just a spec or a portion of an entire civilization.For example, the Egyptian civilization has an Egyptian culture in the same way as the Greek civilization has their Greek culture. A culture ordinarily exists within a civilization. In this regard, each civilization can contain not only one but several cultures. Comparing culture and civilization is like showing the difference between language and the country to which it is being used. Culture can exist in itself whereas civilization cannot be called a civilization if it does not possess a certain culture.It’s just like asking how a nation can exist on its own without the use of a medium of communication. Hence, a civilization will become empty if it does not have its cult ure, no matter how little it is. Culture can be something that is tangible and it can also be something that isn’t. Culture can become a physical material if it is a product of the beliefs, customs and practices of a certain people with a definite culture. But a civilization is something that can be seen as a whole and it is more or less tangible although its basic components, like culture, can be mmaterial. Culture can be learned and in the same manner it can also be transmitted from one generation to the next. Using a medium of speech and communication, it is possible for a certain type of culture to evolve and even be inherited by another group of people. On the other hand, civilization cannot be transferred by mere language alone. Because of its complexity and magnitude, you need to transfer all of the raw aggregates of a civilization for it to be entirely passed on. It just grows, degrades and may eventually end if all its subunits will fail.Summary: 1. Culture is by def inition smaller than a civilization. 2. Culture can grow and exist without residing in a formal civilization whereas a civilization will never grow and exist without the element of culture. 3. Culture can be tangible or intangible whereas civilization is something that is more tangible because it is what you see as a whole 4. Culture can be transmitted through symbols in the form of language whereas an entire civilization cannot be transmitted by mere language alone.